Mujadid Alif Th free essay sample

The extraordinary reformers Sheik Ahmad Sarhindi al-Farooqi a Naqshbandi was conceived in Sarhind on June 26, 1564. He had a place with a dedicated Muslim family. Sheik Ahmad got his fundamental training at home. His underlying directions in the Holy Quran, Hadith and philosophy were rendered in Sarhind and Sialkot. Afterward, he dedicated the vast majority of his chance to the investigation of Hadith, Tafseer and reasoning. During this period the Muslims in India had gotten so insufficient in the information on evident Islam that they had more confidence in Karamat or supernatural occurrences of the holy people than Islamic lessons. The Ulema and scholars of the time had stopped to allude to the Quran and Hadith in their editorials, and considered law the main strict information. Akbar, the Mughal ruler had begun a progression of investigations with Islam, spreading his own religion Din-I-Ilahi, an amalgamation of Hindu and Muslim convictions. In these conditions, Sheik Ahmad set upon himself the errand of sanitizing the Muslim society. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mujadid Alif Th or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He was profoundly condemning of the way of thinking of Wahdat-ul Wujud, against which he gave his way of thinking of Wahdat-ush-Shuhud. He went into correspondence with Muslim researchers and ministers and laid weight on following the genuine forms of Islam. To him, supernatural quality without Shariah was deceiving. He focused on the significance of Namaz and fasting. Through lecturing, conversations and his maktubat routed to significant aristocrats and pioneers of strict idea, he spread his message among the first class specifically. As he and his devotees additionally worked in the supreme camp and armed force, he was before long seen by Jehangir. Jehangir, in contrast to his dad, was an increasingly customary Muslim. He was detained at Gwalior Fort for a long time until the Emperor understood his slip-up. Jehangir then discharged Sheik Ahmad, yet in addition reviewed him to Agra. Sheik Ahmads most prominent commitment was without a doubt the errand of countering strange Sufism and spiritualist convictions. He composed numerous books, including his celebrated works, Isbat-ul-Nabat and Risal-I-Nabuwat. His most noteworthy work on Islamic way of thinking was the Tauheed-I-Shuhudi. Sheik Ahmad kept lecturing Islam till the finish of his days. He encouraged individuals to hold fast to the acknowledged and unmistakably set down way of Islam. He died in 1624. * Education Sheik Ahmad’s father Sheik Abdul Ahad was a notable sufi of his occasions. Sheik Ahmad got his fundamental instruction at home. His underlying directions in the Holy Quran, Hadith and philosophy were rendered in Sarhind and Sialkot. Afterward, he dedicated the greater part of his chance to the investigation of Hadith, Tafseer and theory. He worked for quite a while in Lahore too. Be that as it may, most of his life was spent in Sarhind, where he was to turn into the hero of Islamic qualities. He visited Delhi in 1599 and went to see Khwaja Baqi Billah, who requested that he put in a couple of days in his hospice. Inside two days Ahmad mentioned the khwaja to bring him into teaching. In the wake of having started Shaikh Ahmad into different phases of otherworldly advancement under the Naqshbandi request, the khwaja composed: Shaikh Ahmad is †¦ wealthy in information and lively in real life. I connected with him for a couple of days, and saw genuinely wonderful things in his profound life. He will transform into a light which will enlighten the world. * Social state of India In the start of the change development Muslim society ridden with un-Islamic practices and patterns. Under the hindu ,a firm and far reaching bleif in karamat had created in the societywith significantly confused the honest individuals. In sufiism numerous methods for creating mystical and otherworldly force, outsider to Islam , had been created . the spiritualists and Sufis of those transparently precluded the credibility from claiming sharia by announcing by proclaiming sharia as shallow and outer. They even gladly showed their detachment towards the sunnah or instances of Holly Profit (Peace Be these patterns the Religious soul exorbitantly lessened and offered ascend to the juristic perspective on Islam. During the Days Akbar managed the sub-mainland whose enemy of Islamic viewpoint had irritated the social environes. Akbar had no learnings towards Islmic standards and tents. He advanced Hinduism by wedding aHindu women and by permitting free access to the rajputs and Hindus in his court. He additionally delegated Hindu Rajpots on heigher common and military position s. The presentation of Din-I-llahi by Akbar was a grave endeavor to misshape relating to the strict issues which were to be considered as valid and last. The ipact of Din-I-llahi significantly influenced the muslim bleifs and patterns. It split the muslim society into a few groups and advanced blasphemer perspectives and practicies. Undoing the arrangement of Prayers Akbar dropped to offer petition multiple times in a day and began the revering of the Sun. The mosques and burial chambers were made the rest places of Hindus. Be that as it may, a few Mosques were made corrals of the ponies. Rather saying petition in Mosques, they were profane and indecency deeds were finished. * Disgrace the Month of Ramzan Akbar prohibited to watch qui ck. He considered it the long stretch of craving and thirst. He requested his squires to eat and drink or possibly to keep betel-leaf in their mouths before him. The spectator of quick was offended in the bazars. Publically, the people who ate or drank were empowered. * Ban on Pilgrimage. Jahangir expressed that Akbar prohibited hajj. Mulla Abdullah king Puri Makhdoom Al Malik didn't just give the legal degree to kill it on the record of agonies and difficulties of streets during Hajj period yet in addition pronounced it a wrongdoing. He additionally presented different distortions. There was finished prohibition on butcher of bovine. Pigs and pooches were pronounced sacred and they were to be considered to adore. The ruler visited them day by day. To drink liquor was made legal. Washing after sex was prohibited. Betting and usury were made legal. Prostitute’s houses were worked to empower prostitution and they got customary support of government. Relationships with close family members, for example, uncle’s daughter’s and so forth were announced unlawful. This demonstrates is clear deviation from the fundamental Islamic standards. They additionally attempted to nullify Islamic qualities. These conditions were unendurable for a genuine devotee of Islam * Services Of Mujaddid * Purifying un-Islamic Tendencies Mujaddid under accepted the Position of Purifying the muslim society of un-islamic inclinations by sending a no of his deciples every which way to lecture the genuine Islam. He asked them to emphesise on Ittibat-I-Sunnah and the commandent on the sharia in their messages and preachings. He asked muslims to carry on with their life as per the standards of Islam. He worried on muslims to return to the cleaner Islam by gining up shocking traditions and practices . As indicated by Simon Digby, present day hagiographical writing underlines Sirhindis emphasized calling of severe Islamic universality, his worship of the sharia and urgings towards its recognition. † I the hour of Jhangir Mujaddid was fruitful positively to exitract a serious endeavor from the muslims that they would not comply with any requests disgusting to Islam. * Mujaddids Letters Mujaddid embraced an effectivemethod of pursuation by writting letter to the main aristocrats of the illustrious court. Generally well known of his work are 536 letters, by and large entitled Collected Letters or Maktubat, to the Mughal rulers and different peers. It comprises of three volumes. Some of the books composed by Ahmad Sirhindi were republished in Karachi. Of those books, Ithbat-un-nubuwwa was recreated by balance process in Istanbul in 1974. The negligible notes on the book, which is in Arabic, give a life story of Ahmad Sirhindi. This Holly Book Translate Bangle language by Hazrat Shah Mohammad Muti Ahamed Aftabi Dinajpuri(R. ). The Language of kletters were which would move mountains ,to driving nobelsof the state, moaning about the miserable state wherein Islam had fallen in India * Imprison of Mujaddidalif sani. Mujaddid likewise managed issues other then Religious rivials in his letters . This strategy brought him into parcel of challenges . Furthermore, he was cautioned many time. In Gawalyar when he would not prostrate by saying that he won't play out the sajdda before an individual . He declred that the sajda was uniquely because of Almighty God. SO Jhangir detained him in fortification of gawalyar. * Two Nation hypothesis Mujaddid was a stunch backer of the separateness of muslims and wanted to keep up the unmistakable picture of musslim Nationalism. He laid extraordinary accentuation on the different personality of the Muslims and received a very sterm disposition against the Hindus . Sheik Ahmad Firmly bleived in Two country hypothesis . He was agreeable to maintainig the contrasts among Hindus and Muslims. HE needed Jizya to be re-forced on Hindus and requested the demolition of Hindu sanctuaries. * Wahdat-ul-Wajud Sirhindi unequivocally contradicted the supernatural principle known as wahdat-ul-wajud or tawhid-I-wajudi, an idea which stresses that in actuality everything exist inside God. In any case, he didn't hold an especially horrible perspective on the sufi spiritualist and theoretician Muhyi-l-Din ibn Arabi, who is regularly introduced as the originator and most complete propounder of this way of thinking. In discrediting the monistic situation of wahdat-ul-wajud, he rather propelled the thought of wahdat-debris shuhud (unity of appearance). As indicated by this teaching, the experience of solidarity among God and creation is simply emotional and happens just in the brain of the Sufi who has arrived at the condition of fana fi Allah (to disregard everything with the exception of Almighty Allahu taala). * Influence in india Mujaddid Alf Sani changed the history with his remarkable quality, dependable boldness and security. Islam got new life in subcontinent on the record of his incredible endeavors. This thing is clear as the Sun that as it were

Minerals and Energy Resources free essay sample

We require metals for making machines, sands and rock for making streets and buildings,â sand for making PC chips, limestone and gypsum for making solid, muds for making earthenware production, gold, silver, copper and aluminum for making electric circuits, and diamondsâ and corundum (sapphire, ruby, emerald) for abrasives and gems. A mineral store is a volume of rock advanced in at least one materials. In this sense a mineral alludes to a valuable material, a definition that is unique in relation to the manner in which we characterized a mineral back in Chapter Here the word mineral can be any substance that originates from the Earth. Finding and misusing mineral stores requires the use of the standards of geography that you have learned all through this course. A few minerals are utilized as they are found in the ground, I. e. they require no further preparing or almost no handling. For instance gemstones, sand, rock, andâ salt (halite). We will compose a custom article test on Minerals and Energy Resources or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Most minerals must be prepared before they are utilized. For instance: * Iron is the found in wealth in minerals, however the way toward extricating iron from various minerals differs in cost contingent upon the mineral. It is least exorbitant to remove the iron from oxide minerals like hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), or limonite [Fe(OH)]. Albeit iron likewise happens in olivines, pyroxenes, amphiboles, and biotite, the centralization of iron in these minerals is less, and cost of extraction is expanded in light of the fact that solid bonds between iron, silicon, and oxygen must be broken. * Aluminum is the third most inexhaustible mineral in the Earths covering. It happens in the most widely recognized minerals of the outside layer the feldspars (NaAlSi3O8, KalSi3O8, CaAl2Si2O8, however the expense of removing the Aluminum from these minerals is high. Accordingly, stores containing the mineral gibbsite [Al(OH)3], are generally looked for. This clarifies why reusing of Aluminum is savvy, since the Aluminum doesn't need to be isolated from oxygen or silicon. Since such things as extraction costs, labor expenses, and vitality costs shift with time and from nation to nation, what establishes anâ economically reasonable depositâ of minerals fluctuates significantly in time and spot. All in all, the higher the convergence of the substance, the more conservative it is to mine. Accordingly we characterize a metal as a mineral store from which at least one significant substances can be separated monetarily. Extraction of this oil additionally requires warming the stone and is in this manner vitality concentrated and not right now savvy Coal Coalâ is a sedimentary/metanorphic rock created in swamps where there is an enormous scope collection of natural issue from plants. As the plants kick the bucket they gather to initially become peat. Compaction of the peat because of entombment drives offâ unpredictable parts like water and methane, in the long run delivering a dark shaded natural rich coal called lignite. Further compaction and warming outcomes in a more carbon-rich coal called bituminous coal. On the off chance that the stone becomes transformed, a high evaluation coal called anthracite is delivered. Be that as it may, if temperatures and weights become amazingly high, the entirety of the carbon is changed over to graphite. Graphite will consume just at high temperatures and is thusly not valuable as a vitality source. Anthracite coal delivers the most vitality when consumed, with less vitality created by bituminous coal and lignite. Coal is found in beds called creases, generally running in thickness from 0. 5 to 3m, albeit a few creases arrive at 30 m. Two significant coal delivering periods are known in geologic history. During the Carboniferous and Permian Periods, the mainlands were obviously situated close to the equator and secured by shallow oceans. This kind of condition supported the development of vegetation and fast entombment to create coal. Known stores of coal far surpass those of other petroleum products, and might be our most solid option for a vitality wellspring of things to come. All things considered, consuming of the lower evaluations of coal, similar to lignite and bituminous coal creates a lot of waste items that dirty the climate. This difficult should be defeated before we can additionally abuse this wellspring of vitality. Base of Form

The Impacts Of Minimum Wages Policy Economics Essay

The Impacts Of Minimum Wages Policy Economics Essay In view of the outline over, the amount gracefully of nearby work before setting the lowest pay permitted by law (P1) is at Q1. In the wake of setting the lowest pay permitted by law (P2), the amount flexibly of nearby work increments to Q2. The amount gracefully of absolute work before setting the lowest pay permitted by law (P1) is at Q4. In the wake of setting the lowest pay permitted by law (P2), the amount request diminishes to Q3. Attributable to the explanation that setting the lowest pay permitted by law, deficiencies of nearby work at JKL emerges at the lowest pay permitted by law of P2 and overflow of remote work at EKM emerges at the lowest pay permitted by law of P2. The setting of least wages will build the joblessness rate since managers will hope to enlist progressively specific workers or less representatives to keep up solid edges (Chotin, Finch, Eaton, Engham, Goldblatt, 2009). A case of joblessness from ordering would be Washington. Washingtons adolescent joblessness in 1999 was 19.7% and as ordering was applied its youngster joblessness expanded to 29.7% in year 2008 (Chotin, Finch, Eaton, Engham, Goldblatt, 2009). The accompanying chart shows the development in youngster joblessness rates in Washington (Chotin, Finch, Eaton, Engham, Goldblatt, 2009). It used to contrast and the joblessness paces of the remainder of United States. This chart shows that when the lowest pay permitted by law rises organizations enlist less representatives to work. For retailers, this implies less representatives on the floor offering, keeping up stock and helping clients to discover items. For instance, stores which center around client support won't have the option to make such clearing worker reductions (Chotin, Finch, Eaton, Engham, Goldblatt, 2009). Market Basket, a supermarket evolved way of life based out of Massachussetts is a case of a store concentrating on consumer loyalty, which faces issue on raising least wages. Market Basket recruits numerous youthful adolescents to keep the floor brimming with representatives to help the clients however much as could be expected. They additionally attempt to ensure the store spotless, satisfactory and answer clients questions. Therefore, when setting the lowest pay permitted by law, it will powers Market Basket and different administrations centers retailers cut backs in different regions (Chotin, Finch, Eaton, Engham, Goldblatt, 2009). Other than that, if the administration setting least wages strategy, it will influence the profitability and effectiveness of bosses or makers (Chua, 2008). When there is the lowest pay permitted by law approach, the makers will look for elective approach to lessen the quantity of representatives, for example, exchange new machine and new innovative so as to spare the expense of creation in long haul premise. For instance, there are two similarly gainful laborers appointed to clear a lush part. The principal specialist is given a scoop and a hatchet, the second, piece of machinery. In this manner, the subsequent laborer is increasingly gainful contrast and first specialist in light of the fact that difficult work can't rival better innovation (Matthew B. Kibbe, 1998). What's more, least wages approach causes expansion in the nation. At the point when the administration set higher least wages approach, the makers can't adapt to expenses of creation. It will make the costs of all items increment hugely. In this manner, the populace, particularly the low pay class, would think that its progressively hard to remain in the high living consumption society. In light of the financial expert, this known as cost-push swelling (Michael Pollick, 2010). An expansion in the government the lowest pay permitted by law will expand the expenses of creation, which consequently brings about a swelled cost for shoppers. Managers want to enlist outsiders since they are charge lower compensation and are all the more ready to work additional hours (Loh, 2009). In year 2008, outside non-occupants people represent 1.2 million individuals of the whole populace and with the suspicion that remote work from Singapore isn't outside ability. Consequently, if the nation sets the base wages arrangement, it will decrease reliance on outside work since Malaysians will be conceded need in work situation contrasted with remote specialists (Chua, 2008). Thus, the lowest pay permitted by law strategy would carry points of interest and weaknesses to Malaysia and her populace. To decrease the impact of the drawbacks of the lowest pay permitted by law, the Malaysian government needs to work out the best route on diminishing the burdens of the lowest pay permitted by law approach with the goal that legislature and populace can pick up as much as advantages as trusted. The administration would need to investigate the subtleties relating to the inadequacies of the lowest pay permitted by law arrangement, for example, the chance of increment in outside work rather than nearby works and consider other potential issues that could emerge. Question 2 2.1 Introduction Total national output (GDP) is characterized as the all out market estimation of a countrys yield. It is the market estimation of every single last great and administrations created inside a given timeframe by components of creation situated inside a nation (Case Fair, 2002). The creation of a given estimation of merchandise and enterprises would produce an equivalent estimation of pay. Accordingly, the essential balance between the GDP and gross local salary demonstrates that the GDP can be estimated both as the all out estimation of yield created and as the pay produced in delivering that yield (Tregarthen, 1996). Along these lines, in the accompanying exposition, GDP per capita is utilized as a proportion of financial development and expectations for everyday comforts of a nation over some undefined time frame. 2.2 Measuring Economic Output Performance A countrys monetary yield execution is at present estimated utilizing the GDP of the nation. A technique rehearsed by practically all nations directly. The GDP is a generally utilized and acknowledged strategy for financial estimation in numerous nations. It is refreshed often and observed by explicit national factual bodies to guarantee the best precision of the financial estimation (Madsen, 2006). Gross domestic product empowers the nation organizers and monetary organizers to screen the financial pattern of the nation in an ordinary, occasional premise. In spite of the normalized GDP, there are numerous restrictions to this idea. One of these constraints is GDP per capita neglects to incorporate non-advertised yield and family unit creation. Gross domestic product per capita does exclude the estimation of the exertion and time put into giving family merchandise and enterprises (Tregarthen, 1996). For instance, a family repainted their home without anyone else without utilizing the administrations of a talented painter. Their time and exertion was excluded from the estimation of the GDP. Notwithstanding, if the family utilizes the administration of a gifted painter to repaint their home, the worth would be included into the GDP. These would appear in the GDP. Nonetheless, it doesn't mirror the genuine increment underway. It might mirror a move underway from a classification that is excluded from the GDP (eg. family unit creation) to another class that is incorporated. Gross domestic product likewise neglects to incorporate natural corruption (Waterson, 2010). An expanding pay and development of a nation could be occuring to the detriment of the earth. Quick creating nations risk making negative externalities the earth. The assembling part could be contributing a great deal to the countries GDP, be that as it may, the division could likewise be the significant supporter of the air contamination in the region because of the smoke discharged. The dirtied air can mess breathing up and infections among the neighboring social orders. Besides, salary got from the bootleg market and charitable effort isn't represented in the GDP (Madsen, Dec 2006). On account of the bootleg market, there are no reports of creation to the administration to sidestep charge and the law. For instance, the secret exercises, similar to prostitution, human dealing, and medication dealing, are rewarding. In any case, they are not detailed as a result of the law. On account of humanitarian effort and altruistic associations, they don't gain salary in any case. Hence, it isn't accounted for in the GDP in spite of the yield created. 2.3 Measuring Rising Standard of Living The most well-known proportion of way of life is the utilization of genuine GDP per capita (Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2003). Genuine GDP per capita is the expansion balanced GDP per capita. Expecting different viewpoints stay equivalent, a continued increment in genuine GDP would expand the countrys way of life gave the yield increments at a quicker rate contrasted with the complete populace (Riley, 2006). The benefit of utilizing genuine GDP per capita is that the nation organizers and economy organizers can create financial arrangements and improvement plans since the pattern in the GDP per capita at a particular period would mirror the expectations for everyday comforts of the populace (Madsen, 2006). Along these lines, identifying with the paper article in the inquiry, the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, had uncovered the New Economic Model 2010 on the grounds that the legislature accepts that the expectations for everyday comforts of Malaysians can be additionally improved. Nonetheless, there are confinements to the utilization of genuine GDP per capita as a proportion of expectations for everyday comforts. The inability to consider the conveyance of pay is one of its inadequacies. Since genuine GDP per capita (per capita pay) is a marker of the normal expectation for everyday comforts of individual individuals from the populace, it can't extend the real expectations for everyday comforts of the populace (Madsen, 2006). Salary of the populace differs as per the geological area (Hillstrom, n.d.). Some portion of the populace might be getting their salary from the assembling business while another part could be procuring their pay from the travel industry division. Per capita salary additionally changes significantly all through the world. As indicated by Susan Dentzer in U.S. News and World Report, in 1988 the main 20 percent of nations around the world (in view of yearly national pay) announced per capita pay calculates a normal of multiple times more prominent than the last 20 percent of nations. As of the last quarter of 2009, Malaysias per capita salary (Gross National Income per capita) figure remains at RM25,201 (Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2010). The genuine GDP additionally doesn't take into

Societal Corruption in Fahrenheit 451 - Free Essay Example

Thesis: In science fiction novel Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury conveys the idea that the suppression of opinion can lead to corruption in society, shown when Guy Montag conflicts with the society and himself. Montag, the stray of the pack, conflicts with the society by going against the government with his promotion of knowledge/reading and rebelling the federation, to further support the main idea that limiting the freedom of opinion can lead to societal corruption. Faber had met up with Guy Montag and told him that, We do need knowledge. Books are to remind (Bradbury 86). Faber agrees with Guy, acknowledging his unique curiosity and advocacy for the citizens of this dystopian society, furthermore obtaining the right of knowledge for those who cannot discern the reason behind knowledge like Guy does. Faber and Guy are both acknowledging reading, and both understand why society must read; their endorsement of intelligence goes against civilization, whose societal values and beliefs are based on the foundation of limiting reading, to prevent corruption within the society. By utilizing their prohibited curiosity, Guy and Faber both defy society and the one idea it holds, disunifying all of its structure and values. While Guy opposed society by pure thinking, he had also gone against the products of society when he, shot one continuous pulse of liquid fire on [Beatty] (Bradbury 119). Guy has just killed Beatty, using this murder as his own unique form of rebelling society and the people that were manipulated for societys irrational beliefs. By killing Beatty, it was his unintentional form of revolting against the government because Beatty, whos a fellow fireman, was only a commodity that came out of the affect in societys attempt to keep an orderly fashion; the murder of firemen, created by the government, inadvertently goes against it which also disunifies the structure of society. Montag, an individual who stands out of the norm for society, conflicts with the environment around him and goes out of what they strive to be, rather, he uses his own methods of revolting to advocate for his own beliefs that others may or may not agree with, which happens to be explicitly prohibited in the society. In the midst of Montag conflicting with society, he also opposes himself through his doubt and confusion, questioning everything that he has led up to in life, leading to corruption between himself and his thoughts. After having fought with Mildred, Montag realizes that his fate as a fireman was never chosen by him, rather, Was I given a choice? My grandfather and father were firemen. In my sleep, I ran after them (Bradbury 49). Montag starts to begin doubting himself and his decisions, including becoming a fireman, conflicting with himself and getting second thoughts. The act of doubting himself leads to his own corruption, which also effects towards the society because his own doubt is a form of knowledge and opinion; everything the society is trying to prevent. Although Montag begins to doubt his abilities, his doubt comes with confusion and questioning when, Montag hesitated. Was-was it always like this? Our work? (Bradbury 34). Montag has always had a longing to understand why b ooks werent allowed and is not able to understand this longing until getting bewildered by how long the world has continued to disobey books. His confusion right now connects to the constant longing of an explanation towards why knowledge is limited in his society, and only motivates him more to find the true meaning behind books and the reason why they are limited. Montags confusion only allows for himself to be corrupted because, yet again, his baffled thoughts are a form of knowledge and information; although he may be confused as to who had allowed for intelligence to fade into darkness, his confusion is the fuel to light the flame within this darkness to galvanize him into realizing the corruption that has already occurred within society.

Double Displacement Reaction Definition and Examples

A double displacement reaction is a type of reaction where two reactants exchange ions to form two new compounds. Double displacement reactions typically result in the formation of a product that is a precipitate. Double displacement reactions take the form:AB CD → AD CB Key Takeaways: Double Displacement Reaction A double displacement reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which the reactant ions exchange places to form new products.Usually, a double displacement reaction results in precipitate formation.The chemical bonds between the reactants may be either covalent or ionic.A double displacement reaction is also called a double replacement reaction, salt metathesis reaction, or double decomposition. The reaction occurs most often between ionic compounds, although technically the bonds formed between the chemical species may be either ionic or covalent in nature. Acids or bases also participate in double displacement reactions. The bonds formed in the product compounds are the same type of bonds as seen in the reactant molecules. Usually, the solvent for this type of reaction is water. Alternative Terms A double displacement reaction is also known as salt metathesis reaction, double replacement reaction, exchange, or sometimes a double decomposition reaction, although that term is used when one or more of the reactants does not dissolve in the solvent. Double Displacement Reaction Examples The reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride  is a double displacement reaction. The silver trades its nitrite ion for the sodiums chloride ion, causing the sodium to pick up the nitrate anion.AgNO3 NaCl → AgCl NaNO3 Heres another example: BaCl2(aq) Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) 2 NaCl(aq) How to Recognize a Double Displacement Reaction The easiest way to identify a double displacement reaction is to check to see whether or not the cations exchanged anions with each other. Another clue, if the states of matter are cited, is to look for aqueous reactants and the formation of one solid product (since the reaction typically generates a precipitate). Types of Double Displacement Reactions Double displacement reactions may be classified into several categories, including counter-ion exchange, alkylation, neutralization, acid-carbonate reactions, aqueous metathesis with precipitation (precipitation reactions), and aqueous metathesis with double decomposition (double decomposition reactions). The two types most commonly encountered in chemistry classes are precipitation reactions and neutralization reactions. A precipitation reaction occurs between two aqueous ionic compounds to form a new insoluble ionic compound. Heres an example reaction, between lead(II) nitrate and potassium iodide to form (soluble) potassium nitrate and (insoluble) lead iodide. Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2 KI(aq) → 2 KNO3(aq) PbI2(s) The lead iodide forms what is called the precipitate, while the solvent (water) and soluble reactants and products are termed the supernate or supernatant. Formation of a precipitate drives the reaction in a forward direction, as the product leaves the solution. Neutralization reactions are double displacement reactions between acids and bases. When the solvent is water, a neutralization reaction typically produces an ionic compound--a salt. This type of reaction proceeds in the forward direction if at least one of the reactants is a strong acid or a strong base. The reaction between vinegar and baking soda in the classic baking soda volcano is an example of a neutralization reaction. This particular reaction then proceeds to release a gas (carbon dioxide), which is responsible for the fizz of the reaction. The initial neutralization reaction is: NaHCO3 CH3COOH(aq) → H2CO3 NaCH3COO Youll notice the cations exchanged anions, but the way the compounds are written, its a bit trickier to notice the anion swap. The key to identifying the reaction as double displacement is to look at the atoms of the anions and compare them on both sides of the reaction. Sources Dilworth, J. R.; Hussain, W.; Hutson, A. J.; Jones, C. J.; Mcquillan, F. S. (1997). Tetrahalo Oxorhenate Anions. Inorganic Syntheses, vol. 31, pp. 257–262. doi:10.1002/9780470132623.ch42IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology (2nd ed.) (the Gold Book). (1997).March, Jerry (1985). Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-85472-7.Myers, Richard (2009). The Basics of Chemistry. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31664-7.

The Iranian Revolution Of Iran - 1317 Words

The Iranian Revolution was at its climax in 1979 with the Revolutionary goal being met by it’s supports. Supporters of the revolution stood mixed in their goals for a new Iran. The Islamic Extremist lead by Ayatollah Khomeini wanted to install an Islamic regime inside of Iran that would follow Islamic law. Religious clerics viewed the Shah as not being a positive leader of Iran and wanted him overthrown and the country left as is. Iranians such as the middle class and students wanted to install an Islamic republic in place of the autocratic monarchical society which the Shah created. All of these groups came together to follow Ayatollah Khomeini under the presence of overthrowing the Shah. Needless to say Ayatollah Khomeini overthrow the†¦show more content†¦Change in Iran by the Shah was a part of what caused the Shah to be overthrown by the Iranians. This view is argued by Hetherington to be a minority view and not the accepted view. Fast economic or social change w as not the cause, but rather the development was too slow for the Iranians public. This is not what Persepolis says though. â€Å"The people wanted only one thing: His departure! So finally†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Satrapi 41). The graphic novel explains the shah killed his people in the streets of their country and they wanted him to leave. In a Journal article â€Å"Industrialization and revolution in Iran: Progress or Unmet Expectation† the author explains the Shah was too slow in implementing social change and this was the downfall of his regime. It was not because the Shah’s government forced upon people more largesse that they were accustomed to that they rebelled. Rather it was a failure to meet rapidly rising expectations, rational or otherwise, a failure to deliver immediately in full measure or even in partial measure sufficient to encourage realistic hope of progress toward obtaining the material benefits of a modern industrial nation, that contributed to increasing dissatisfaction with the Shah’s government and to a climate of public opinion conducive to revolution. (Hetherington 362). The graphic novel does explain the reason why the shah was overthrown it just gives out a small explanation about him killing his own people and not what

Cebu Literature Essay Example For Students

Cebu Literature Essay Cebuano literature refers to the literary works written in Cebuano, a language widely spoken in the southern Philippines. The term is most often extended to cover the oral literary forms in both indigenous and colonial Philippines. While the majority of Cebuano writers are from the Visayas and Mindanao region, the most recognized Filipino literary outlet for them, including the Bisaya Magasin, is based in Makati city in Manila, while there is also a lively Cebuano community of writers in the language which is based outside the country. The term Cebuano literature, therefore, encompasses not only those Visayas and Mindanao-based writers writing in Cebuano, but all written output in Cebuano, wherever its source. History Cebuano literature, as much as most literature of the Philippines, started with fables and legends of the early people in the Philippines and colonial period, right down to the Mexican (Viceroyalty of New Spain) and Spanish influences. Although existence of a pre-hispanic writing system in Luzon is attested, there is proof that baybayin was widespread in the Visayas. Most of the literature produced during that period was oral. They were documented by the Spanish Jesuit Fr. Ignatio Francisco Alzinal. During the Spanish colonial period, the religious theme was predominant. Novenas and gozos, most notably the Bato Balani for the Santo Nino. The first written Cebuano literature is Maming, by Vicente Sotto, The Father of Cebuano Literature. The story was published in the first issue (July 16, 1900) of his Ang Suga. Two years later Sotto wrote, directed, and produced the first Cebuano play, Elena. It was first performed at the Teatro Junquera (in what is now Cebu City) on May 18, 1902. The play established Sottos reputation as a writer. The dedication of the play by the playwright reads, To My Motherland, that you may have remembrance of the glorious Revolution that redeemed you from enslavement. I dedicate this humble play to you. Vicente Sotto attacked the decadent forms of linambay in his newspaper Ang Suga. He was challenged by a friend to write his own play as he was always attacking the linambay form. Sotto wrote the Cebuano Ang Paghigugma sa Yutang Nataohan (Love of the Native Land) as a response. The play was successful; Sotto organized the Compania de Aficionados Filipinos. Within the year, two more plays were written by Sotto: Elena, which deals of a girls love for an insurrecto; and Aurora, which deals with a scandal involving the priests and nuns of the Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion. Realism in Cebuano theater was stretched too much however; even Sotto himself was a victim of the movement he started, when prior to his running for mayor in 1907, a play entitled Ang Taban (1906, by Teodulfo V. Ylaya) was released. The play dealt with a kidnap allegation involving Sotto. During the American period, Ang Suga became the medium for publication of Cebuano writers. A community of writers slowly grow, to include the names of Florentino Rallos, Filomeno Veloso, Marcial Velez, Timoteo Castro, Segundo Cinco, Vicente Ranudo, Dionisio Jakosalem, Selestino Rodriguez, Filomeno Roble, Juan Villagonzalo, Leoncio Avila and Filemon Sotto. Most of these people were recognized for their achievements by the generation right after them, as evidenced by the use of their names for major streets in Cebu City, but their role in the furtherance of Cebuano culture is lost to subsequent generations. ) Juan Villagonzalo was the first to write a Cebuano novel. Four typical novels on the love theme written by popular writers during the American period would represent the pre-war writers subconscious but collective efforts in creating a common core of meanings and values in the face of new American cultur e. These are Felicitas by Uldarico Alviola in 1912, Mahinuklugong Paglubong Kang Alicia (The Sad Burial of Alicia) by Vicente Garces in 1924, Apdo sa Kagul-anan (Bitterness of Sorrow) by Angel Enemecio in 1928-29, and Ang Tinagoan (The Secret) by Vicente Rama in 1933-34. While Felicitas and Paglubong assert the value of marital fidelity and Apdo that of feminine chastity, Tinagoan challenges the emergent value that tolerates divorce. Prostitution EssayBy the 14th century, Arab traders and their followers, venturing into the Malay Archipelago, converted some of these tribal groups into Muslims. These tribes practiced a mixture of Islam and Animism beliefs. There is also some evidence of trade among other Asian people. The Visayans were thought to have kept close diplomatic relations with Malaysia and Indonesian kingdoms since the tribal groups of Cebu were able to converse with Enrique of Malacca using the Malay language when the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived in 1521. After the Magellan expedition, King Philip II of Spain sent Ruy Lopez de Villalobos and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 1543 and 1565 and claimed the islands for Spain. The Visayas region and many tribes began converting to Christianity and adopting western culture. By the 18th and 19th centuries, the effects of colonization on various ethnic groups soon turned sour and revolutions such as those of Francisco Dagohoy began to emerge. During the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War between 1896 to 1913, the island of Negros and other neighboring islands initiated their revolution. After gaining Philippine independence from colonial rule following World War II in 1946, the Visayas region established its community and re-formed its government, producing several notable presidents coming from the Visayas region. In 2005, Palawan Island was transferred to Region VI (Western Visayas) by Executive Order 429. However this planned reorganization was held in abeyance. Hence, Palawan currently remains (as of May 2007) part of Region IV-B. Culture Legends Historical documents written in 1907 by Visayan historian Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro in his book Maragtas tell the story of the ten chiefs (Datus) who escaped from the tyranny of Datu Makatunaw from Borneo and came to the islands of Panay. The chiefs and followers were said to be the ancestors of the Visayan people. The documents were accepted by Filipino historians and found their way into the history of the Philippines. As a result, the arrival of Bornean tribal groups in the Visayas is celebrated in the festivals of the Ati-Atihan in Kalibo, Aklan and Binirayan in San Jose, Antique. Foreign historians such as William Scott conclusively proved the book to be a Visayan folk tradition. Panay boasts of the Hinilawod as its oldest and longest epic. Hypotheses A contemporary theory based on a study of genetic markers in present-day populations that Austronesian people from Taiwan populated the region of Luzon and headed south to the Visayas, Borneo, Indonesia, then to Pacific islands and to the east of the Indian Ocean. The study, though, may not explain inter-island migrations, which are also possible, such as the Tagalog migration to Luzon. According to Visayan folk traditions, the Visayas were populated by Malays migrating from Borneo to Mindanao and to the Visayas, while other Malays crossed to Palawan through Sabah. Other Malays were suggested to have crossed from Samar island to the Bicol region in Luzon. The theory suggests that those ancient tribal groups who passed through Palawan may have migrated to what is now the island of Luzon. A supplementary theory was that at that period, the Malay people were moving north from Mindanao to the Visayas and to Luzon. Various groups of Europeans and Chinese also integrated with the native population during that period.